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http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=80910
Epilepsy Drug Linked to Low IQ
Children Whose Moms Took Valproate During Pregnancy More Likely to Have Lower IQs
By Charlene Laino
WebMD Medical News
Reviewed By Louise Chang, MD
May 3, 2007 (Boston) -- Women of childbearing age should avoid taking the commonly prescribed epilepsy drug valproate because of a negative effect on their children's IQ, researchers say.
They found that the intelligence quotient of 2-year-old children was an average of 12 points lower when expectant moms took valproate compared with three other drugs -- Lamictal, carbamazepine, or phenytoin.
In addition, 24% of toddlers born to mothers who took valproate had IQ scores that would put them in the mental retardation range -- that is, below 70 points on the standard IQ test, says Kimford Meador, MD, professor of neurology at the University of Florida in Gainesville.
That compares unfavorably with 9% to 12% for the other drugs, he says.
Valproate -- sold under the brand names Depakote, Depakene, and Depacon -- is one of the oldest and most widely prescribed antiseizure medications on the market.
The three other drugs studied are also widely used: Lamictal; carbamazepine, for which a common brand name is Tegretol; and phenytoin, often sold as Dilantin.
Two more recently approved drugs for epilepsy, Keppra and Topamax, have not been studied with regard to children's IQ, according to Meador.
"We really can't say which drug is best to use in pregnancy, but we can say that valproate should not be used as the first drug of choice by women with epilepsy during childbearing years if at all possible," Meador tells WebMD.
"That said, valproate remains an important treatment option in women who aren't helped by other epilepsy drugs," he says.
If valproate is the only drug that controls a woman's seizures, Meador recommends using the lowest dose possible.
The study was presented here at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Neurology.
Damage During Third Trimester
For the study, Meador and colleagues conducted IQ tests on 187 2-year-olds born to women who had been taking epilepsy drugs.
Meador notes that hundreds of thousands of women of childbearing potential take valproate not only for epilepsy, but also for bipolar disorder and chronic headaches.
Despite the fact that earlier studies also hinted at a negative impact on IQ and found that the drug can cause birth defects, sales went up 20% last year, he says.
The negative impact on IQ occurs in the third trimester, Meador believes. "It's similar to fetal alcohol syndrome. Exposure of the immature third-trimester neonatal brain results in cell loss that is associated with widespread cognitive defects," he explains.
Despite the findings, Meador stresses that pregnant women taking valproate should not just stop taking the drug. "It can be dangerous to switch therapies mid-pregnancy. Talk to your doctor," he says.
Cynthia Harden, MD, professor of neurology at New York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medical Center in New York, says though valproate has been linked to lower verbal IQs in the past, the current study was much better designed.
"If we can take a woman off valproate safely as far as seizure control, then we should try not to use it," she tells WebMD.
Epilepsy Drug Linked to Low IQ
Children Whose Moms Took Valproate During Pregnancy More Likely to Have Lower IQs
By Charlene Laino
WebMD Medical News
Reviewed By Louise Chang, MD
May 3, 2007 (Boston) -- Women of childbearing age should avoid taking the commonly prescribed epilepsy drug valproate because of a negative effect on their children's IQ, researchers say.
They found that the intelligence quotient of 2-year-old children was an average of 12 points lower when expectant moms took valproate compared with three other drugs -- Lamictal, carbamazepine, or phenytoin.
In addition, 24% of toddlers born to mothers who took valproate had IQ scores that would put them in the mental retardation range -- that is, below 70 points on the standard IQ test, says Kimford Meador, MD, professor of neurology at the University of Florida in Gainesville.
That compares unfavorably with 9% to 12% for the other drugs, he says.
Valproate -- sold under the brand names Depakote, Depakene, and Depacon -- is one of the oldest and most widely prescribed antiseizure medications on the market.
The three other drugs studied are also widely used: Lamictal; carbamazepine, for which a common brand name is Tegretol; and phenytoin, often sold as Dilantin.
Two more recently approved drugs for epilepsy, Keppra and Topamax, have not been studied with regard to children's IQ, according to Meador.
"We really can't say which drug is best to use in pregnancy, but we can say that valproate should not be used as the first drug of choice by women with epilepsy during childbearing years if at all possible," Meador tells WebMD.
"That said, valproate remains an important treatment option in women who aren't helped by other epilepsy drugs," he says.
If valproate is the only drug that controls a woman's seizures, Meador recommends using the lowest dose possible.
The study was presented here at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Neurology.
Damage During Third Trimester
For the study, Meador and colleagues conducted IQ tests on 187 2-year-olds born to women who had been taking epilepsy drugs.
Meador notes that hundreds of thousands of women of childbearing potential take valproate not only for epilepsy, but also for bipolar disorder and chronic headaches.
Despite the fact that earlier studies also hinted at a negative impact on IQ and found that the drug can cause birth defects, sales went up 20% last year, he says.
The negative impact on IQ occurs in the third trimester, Meador believes. "It's similar to fetal alcohol syndrome. Exposure of the immature third-trimester neonatal brain results in cell loss that is associated with widespread cognitive defects," he explains.
Despite the findings, Meador stresses that pregnant women taking valproate should not just stop taking the drug. "It can be dangerous to switch therapies mid-pregnancy. Talk to your doctor," he says.
Cynthia Harden, MD, professor of neurology at New York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medical Center in New York, says though valproate has been linked to lower verbal IQs in the past, the current study was much better designed.
"If we can take a woman off valproate safely as far as seizure control, then we should try not to use it," she tells WebMD.
onder:
I'd rather pray and believe that Im' in the 80% then stress that I might be in the 20%. Stress can cause complications as well as miscarriage....so I'll stick with being optimistic and full of faith. But you do bring up a very good point. Why hasnt' the pharmaceutical industry come up with a medication for women who are pregant? Probably because of all the different types of seizures and because every body is different. Not every woman would react to the med the same way. And it's weird....believe it or not, some women stop having seizures after they give birth. Weird huh? And others don't have them until after they've given birth....There's just so many variables to consider. The thing is to take care of you. Eat healthy, take care of your body, find ways to deal with stress, excercise, take Folic Acid starting now, and talk to your neuro about the fact that someday you know you'll probably want to have kids....that way, you are in your best shape, and the doc can put you on a med that is as safe as possible for mom and baby. Trust me, it's a little dicey changing meds during the pregnancy. 